Understanding Methanol
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol (CH3OH), is a biodegradable wood alcohol used in a range of applications from plastics and paints to pharmaceuticals. Although it’s toxic and highly flammable, methanol is water-soluble and rapidly biodegrades. Its types include fossil-based and renewable methanol, with color labels indicating their sources. Methanol is a colorless liquid at atmospheric pressure and its potential as a clean, sustainable fuel in maritime operations is being increasingly recognized.
Methanol Production and Environmental Impact
Traditional methanol production involves natural gas or coal for fossil-based methanol, and captured CO2 with green hydrogen for renewable methanol. From an environmental perspective, green methanol reduces CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions compared to diesel. However, fossil-based methanol can generate more CO2 emissions over its lifecycle than diesel. Methanol, irrespective of its source, can be blended to gradually transition towards a higher percentage of sustainable green methanol.
Operational Aspects of Methanol as Marine Fuel
The adoption of methanol as a marine fuel requires certain operational considerations. Fuel expenses may be significantly higher than diesel, but potential regulatory penalties make methanol a compelling alternative. Safety guidelines for methanol use as a marine fuel are in place. As demand grows, more ports are offering methanol as a marine fuel, and infrastructure for its transportation is developing. Converting a vessel to run on methanol involves specific storage requirements and considerations.
Methanol's Role in Decarbonization and Regulatory Compliance
The use of methanol can positively impact a vessel’s Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) ratings, thereby aiding in regulatory compliance. Considering a well-to-wake approach to calculating GHG emissions, green methanol is a viable alternative. Both new and existing vessels can be converted to use methanol, with proper guidance and planning.
Future of Methanol in Maritime Operations
With tightening regulations and increasing environmental consciousness, methanol is becoming an attractive option as a marine fuel. The EU’s ‘Fit for 55’ package, which aims for a 55% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels by 2030, puts pressure on the maritime industry to consider more sustainable fuels like methanol. As of the current situation, there are 22 methanol-powered ships, including both conversions and new builds. The future of methanol in maritime operations is promising and expert guidance can help businesses navigate their decarbonization strategies.
